A STUDY OF ADAPTIVE REACTIONS OF THE CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM IN PSYCHOEMOTIONAL STRESS CONDITIONS.

The article presents modern data on the physiological mechanisms study of the stress resistance development, which occurs in medical students in the dynamics of studying in higher educational institution in junior courses (1-3 courses). The adaptive reactions of the cardiorespiratory system in conditions of psychoemotional load were studied. Results showed that development of adaptation syndrome in those conditions greatly depends on speed of formation and intensity level of intersystem integration in cardiorespiratory system. That relation is revealed most of all on the background of physical activity (load on bicycle ergometer to the full). The variability of stages of adaptation development was found out. In first group of students the first stage of adaptive syndrome is characterized by activation of non-specific adaptive mechanisms (1st year of studies), that is naturally replaced by second stage - specific adaptive reactions, when the intellectual work capacity increases on the background of rationalization of its autonomic supply. In second group of students the second variant of adaptation development occurs - non-specific adaptive mechanisms (1st stage) on the 2nd year of study are changed by the stage of specific adaptation (2nd stage), that is accompanied by excessive psychophysiological indexes. On the 3rd year of study it leads to the depletion of adaptive capabilities (3rd stage). In third group of students the stage of activation of non-specific adaptive mechanisms was rapidly changed by their depletion, that was accompanied by decrease of intersystem integration and intellectual workability. Therefore, the formation of adaptive optimum occurs only in 40% of students. The majority (60%) of students-young women show either the initially insufficient adaptive capabilities, or excessive adaptation. Both insufficient and excessive adaptation naturally leads to psychological and autonomic disorders followed by appearance of psychosomatic neurotic manifestations. The prospects of future research from our point of view should lie in further investigation of gender peculiarities of adaptive reactions development up to psycho-emotional stress that develops in conditions of studying in university. That will make an opportunity to reveal the features of mechanisms of resistance formation depending on gender.

Neuroticism-related personality traits are associated with posttraumatic stress after abortion: findings from a Swedish multi-center cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Most women who choose to terminate a pregnancy cope well following an abortion, although some women experience severe psychological distress. The general interpretation in the field is that the most consistent predictor of mental disorders after induced abortion is the mental health issues that women present with prior to the abortion. We have previously demonstrated that few women develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) after induced abortion. Neuroticism is one predictor of importance for PTSD, and may thus be relevant as a risk factor for the development of PTSD or PTSS after abortion. We therefore compared Neuroticism-related personality trait scores of women who developed PTSD or PTSS after abortion to those of women with no evidence of PTSD or PTSS before or after the abortion. METHODS: A Swedish multi-center cohort study including six Obstetrics and Gynecology Departments, where 1294 abortion-seeking women were included. The Screen Questionnaire-Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (SQ-PTSD) was used to evaluate PTSD and PTSS. Measurements were made at the first visit and at three and six month after the abortion. The Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP) was used for assessment of Neuroticism-related personality traits. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for development of PTSD or PTSS post abortion. RESULTS: Women who developed PTSD or PTSS after the abortion had higher scores than the comparison group on several of the personality traits associated with Neuroticism, specifically Somatic Trait Anxiety, Psychic Trait Anxiety, Stress Susceptibility and Embitterment. Women who reported high, or very high, scores on Neuroticism had adjusted odds ratios for PTSD/PTSS development of 2.6 (CI 95% 1.2-5.6) and 2.9 (CI 95% 1.3-6.6), respectively. CONCLUSION: High scores on Neuroticism-related personality traits influence the risk of PTSD or PTSS post abortion. This finding supports the argument that the most consistent predictor of mental disorders after abortion is pre-existing mental health status.

Cats on the Couch: The Experimental Production of Animal Neurosis.

Argument In the 1940s-50s, one of the most central questions in psychological research related to the nature of neurosis. In the final years of the Second World War and the following decade, neurosis became one of the most prominent psychiatric disorders, afflicting a high proportion of military casualties and veterans. The condition became central to the concerns of several psychological fields, from psychoanalysis to Pavlovian psychology. This paper reconstructs the efforts of Chicago psychiatrist Jules Masserman to study neurosis in the laboratory during the 1940s and 1950s. Masserman used Pavlovian techniques in a bid to subject this central psychoanalytic subject to disciplined scientific experimentation. More generally, his project was an effort to bolster the legitimacy of psychoanalysis as a human science by articulating a convergence of psychoanalytic categories across multiple species. Masserman sought to orchestrate a convergence of psychological knowledge between fields that were often taken to be irreconcilable. A central focus of this paper is the role of moving images in this project, not only as a means of recording experimental data but also as a rhetorical device. The paper argues that for Masserman film played an important role in enabling scientific observers (and then subsequent viewers) to see agency and emotion in the animals they observed.

[Treatment of asthenoneurotic disorders in children]. / Korrektsiya astenonevroticheskikh rasstroistv u detei.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of cogitum in the treatment of asthenoneurotic disorders in children after bacterial meningitis (BM) or brain injury (BI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients were examined. Group 1 included 14 patients with BM, 8 boys and 6 girls, aged 7 - 12 years, mean age 9,91 ± 1,71 years; group 2 consisted of 10 patients with BI, 6 boys and 4 girls, aged 7-12 years, mean age 10,4 ± 2,36 years. All patients received cogitum in dose of 250- 500 mg daily during 8 weeks. Neurological and neuropsychological (Bourdon's test, Luria's tests) examinations, EEG, MRI were performed before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The study of cognitive functions showed a decrease in the accuracy and speed during performance of Bourdon's and Luria's tests. After the beginning of treatment with cogitum, 80% of the patients in both groups demonstrated a significant improvement in the accuracy of Bourdon's test (р<0,01) and verbal retention (р<0,001). Repeated EEG (3-6 months after treatment) showed the distinct theta- , alpha-, beta- rhythms and clear zonal differences. Given a spectrum of clinical effects of cogitum, the authors recommend it for active use in pediatric practice.

THE PSYCHO-PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS IN CELIAC DISEASE.

Based on the results of a comprehensive study of 35 people aged from 19 to 52 years, among them 20 women and 15 men with celiac disease features of their physiological status were studied, reflecting the severity of the disease and quality of life. The diagnosis was based on the clinical and anamnestic data, endoscopy, histomorphological, immunological and genetic exams. Psychophysiological analysis showed that in celiac disease is characterized by the formation reactions with anxiety, anxiety-phobic, neurotic, affective, and hypochondriacal symptoms. The results of the study emphasized the importance of adaptive physiological capacity of the body to build tolerance to the development of psycho-vegetative, hypochondriacaldepressive and other disorders.

Neuroticism in Remitted Major Depression: Elevated with Early Onset but Not Late Onset of Depression.

BACKGROUND: The personality trait of neuroticism is strongly related to depression, but depression is etiologically heterogeneous. Late-onset depression (LOD) may be more closely related to vascular factors, and previous studies of neuroticism in LOD versus early-onset depression (EOD) have not been consistent. METHOD: We examined neuroticism, extraversion and perceived stress in 88 fully remitted depressed patients with a mean age of 60 years and with a history of hospitalization for major depressive disorder. Patients were divided into those with onset after and those with onset before 50 years of age (LOD and EOD, respectively), and the two groups were compared both with each other and with matched control groups of healthy subjects. RESULTS: EOD patients showed increased levels of neuroticism in comparison with both LOD and matched controls, who did not differ. The association between age of onset and neuroticism was confirmed in analyses based on age of depression onset as a continuous variable. CONCLUSION: Neuroticism may be an etiological factor in EOD but not or less so in LOD. This finding contributes to the growing evidence for etiological differences between early- and late-onset late-life depression.

[HEALTH STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN BORN USING IVF].

In the work the analysis of incidence, the dynamics of physical development during the first year of life among 28 children born using IVF was conducted. It was found out that during the first year of life these children have certain patterns of growth and development, as well as a wide range of diagnosed pathology. Thereby observing children of this category should be optimized.

Concepções freudianas sobre a irrupção da puberdade e a etiologia das neuroses / Freudian concepts on the irruption of puberty and the etiology of neurose / Concepts freudiens sur l'irruption de la puberté et l'étiologie des névroses / Conceptos freudianos sobre la irrupción de la pubertad y la etiología de las neurosis

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apreender a nuance do conceito de puberdade ao longo da obra freudiana. Buscamos compreender como Freud, tendo por base a interface entre "determinismo do período da infância" e "contingência adolescente", articula a puberdade com o momento de irrupção da neurose. Problematizaremos a relevância do "período de latência" e do pressuposto de uma sexualidade "em dois tempos" na compreensão da puberdade e de suas possibilidades no âmbito da constituição do sujeito. Utilizaremos como recurso metodológico a retomada dos principais casos clínicos de Freud, dentre eles, Dora, Homem dos Lobos e a Jovem homossexual, buscando apreender a relevância do momento da irrupção da puberdade, suas possibilidades, seus percalços na causação/manifestação da neurose. Percebemos que Freud, mesmo não tomando a questão como foco de sua pesquisa, passa por ela ao longo de sua obra, permitindo-nos inferir e discutir suas concepções acerca do tema.(AU)

This work aims to outline the nuance of the concept of puberty throughout Sigmund Freud's studies. We intend to understand how Freud, based on the interface between 'determinism of childhood period' and 'teenagers contingency', articulates puberty in relation to the irruption of neurosis. We deal with the relevance of the 'latency period' and also with the assumption of sexuality 'in two stages', according to the understanding about puberty and its possibilities for the constitution of the subject. We use as a methodological resource some of the main clinical cases analyzed by Freud such as Dora, The Wolf Man and The Young Homosexual Woman. In this way, our purpose is to stablish the discussion on the relevance of the irruption of puberty, its possibilities and obstacles in the causation/manifestation of any neurosis. We realized that Freud, while not taking this issue as the focus of his research, explores it throughout his studies, allowing us to infer and discuss his point of views about this theme.(AU)

Ce travail vise à décrire la nuance du concept de la puberté à travers les études de Sigmund Freud. Nous avons l'intention de comprendre comment Freud, basé sur l'interface entre le "déterminisme de la période de l'enfance" et la "contingence adolescent", articule la puberté par rapport à l'irruption de la névrose. Nous nous occupons de la pertinence de la "période de latence" et également avec l'hypothèse d'une sexualité "en deux étapes", selon la compréhension de la puberté et de ses possibilités pour la constitution du sujet. Nous utilisons les ressources méthodologiques de certains des principaux cas cliniques analysés par Freud comme Dora, L'homme-aux-loups et La Jeune Homosexuelle. De cette façon, nous avons le but de discuter de la pertinence de l'irruption de la puberté, de ses possibilités et les obstacles dans la causalité/ manifestation d'une névrose. Nous avons réalisé que Freud, tout en ne prenant pas cette question comme l'objet de ses recherches, il l'a explorée au long de ses études, ce qui nous permet de considérer et de discuter de son point de vue sur ce thème.(AU)

Concepções freudianas sobre a irrupção da puberdade e a etiologia das neuroses / Freudian concepts on the irruption of puberty and the etiology of neurose / Concepts freudiens sur l'irruption de la puberté et l'étiologie des névroses / Conceptos freudianos sobre la irrupción de la pubertad y la etiología de las neurosis

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apreender a nuance do conceito de puberdade ao longo da obra freudiana. Buscamos compreender como Freud, tendo por base a interface entre "determinismo do período da infância" e "contingência adolescente", articula a puberdade com o momento de irrupção da neurose. Problematizaremos a relevância do "período de latência" e do pressuposto de uma sexualidade "em dois tempos" na compreensão da puberdade e de suas possibilidades no âmbito da constituição do sujeito. Utilizaremos como recurso metodológico a retomada dos principais casos clínicos de Freud, dentre eles, Dora, Homem dos Lobos e a Jovem homossexual, buscando apreender a relevância do momento da irrupção da puberdade, suas possibilidades, seus percalços na causação/manifestação da neurose. Percebemos que Freud, mesmo não tomando a questão como foco de sua pesquisa, passa por ela ao longo de sua obra, permitindo-nos inferir e discutir suas concepções acerca do tema...

This work aims to outline the nuance of the concept of puberty throughout Sigmund Freud's studies. We intend to understand how Freud, based on the interface between 'determinism of childhood period' and 'teenagers contingency', articulates puberty in relation to the irruption of neurosis. We deal with the relevance of the 'latency period' and also with the assumption of sexuality 'in two stages', according to the understanding about puberty and its possibilities for the constitution of the subject. We use as a methodological resource some of the main clinical cases analyzed by Freud such as Dora, The Wolf Man and The Young Homosexual Woman. In this way, our purpose is to stablish the discussion on the relevance of the irruption of puberty, its possibilities and obstacles in the causation/manifestation of any neurosis. We realized that Freud, while not taking this issue as the focus of his research, explores it throughout his studies, allowing us to infer and discuss his point of views about this theme...

Ce travail vise à décrire la nuance du concept de la puberté à travers les études de Sigmund Freud. Nous avons l'intention de comprendre comment Freud, basé sur l'interface entre le "déterminisme de la période de l'enfance" et la "contingence adolescent", articule la puberté par rapport à l'irruption de la névrose. Nous nous occupons de la pertinence de la "période de latence" et également avec l'hypothèse d'une sexualité "en deux étapes", selon la compréhension de la puberté et de ses possibilités pour la constitution du sujet. Nous utilisons les ressources méthodologiques de certains des principaux cas cliniques analysés par Freud comme Dora, L'homme-aux-loups et La Jeune Homosexuelle. De cette façon, nous avons le but de discuter de la pertinence de l'irruption de la puberté, de ses possibilités et les obstacles dans la causalité/ manifestation d'une névrose. Nous avons réalisé que Freud, tout en ne prenant pas cette question comme l'objet de ses recherches, il l'a explorée au long de ses études, ce qui nous permet de considérer et de discuter de son point de vue sur ce thème...

What can we learn from twin studies? A comprehensive evaluation of the equal environments assumption.

Twin studies are a major source of information about genetic effects on behavior, but they depend on a controversial assumption known as the equal environments assumption (EEA): that similarity in co-twins' environments is not predictive of similarity in co-twin outcomes. Although evidence has largely supported the EEA, critics have claimed that environmental similarity has not been measured well, and most studies of the EEA have focused on outcomes related to health and psychology. This article addresses these limitations through (1) a reanalysis of data from the most cited study of the EEA, Loehlin and Nichols (1976), using better measures, and through (2) an analysis of nationally representative twin data from MIDUS using more comprehensive controls on a wider variety of outcomes than previous studies. Results support a middle ground position; it is likely that the EEA is not strictly valid for most outcomes, but the resulting bias is likely modest.

Frequency of neurotic symptoms shortly after the death of a pet.

Some individuals manifest psychosomatic symptoms after the death of their pets. A survey was conducted at four public and commercial animal cremation service centers in Japan. In each center, a questionnaire was distributed to 100 individuals (400 in total). The questionnaire consisted of the 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28), the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) and a series of questions regarding demographic information and the circumstances of their pet's death. In total, 82 returned questionnaires were available for analysis. GHQ28 proved the existence of neurotic symptoms in 46 responses (56.1%; 95% confidence interval: 44.7%-67.0%). Analysis of the responses using the GHQ28 subscales with a Likert scoring system demonstrated more somatic dysfunction in females (GHQ-A: P=0.04). Furthermore, significant correlations were identified among the following factors: owner's age (GHQ-A: ρ=-0.60, P=0.01; GHQ-B: ρ=-0.29, P=0.01; GHQ-C: ρ=-0.32, P<0.01; GHQ-D: ρ=-0.42, P<0.01), SRRS score (GHQ-A: ρ=0.32, P<0.01; GHQ-B: ρ=0.25, P=0.02; GHQ-D: ρ=0.30, P=0.01) and animal's age (GHQ-D: ρ=-0.26, P=0.02). The death of indoor pets caused deeper depression (GHQ-D: P=0.01) than that of outdoor or visiting pets. The results revealed neurotic symptoms in almost half of the pet owners shortly after their pet's death.

Long-term changes in the personality and psychopathological profile of opiate addicts after nucleus accumbens ablative surgery are associated with treatment outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term outcome and changes of the personality and psychopathological profile of opiate addicts after bilateral stereotactic nucleus accumbens (NAc) ablative surgery. METHODS: 60 patients were followed up for 5 years and abstinent status and adverse events were evaluated. NAc lesion volumes and locations were obtained by postoperative MRI scans. The Chinese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RSC), the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire - Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) were administered to the patients before and 5 years after the stereotactic surgery. RESULTS: The total abstinence rate of all patients in their 5th postoperative year was 47.4%. The abstinent patients had a significantly larger lesion volume than the relapsed ones, but a larger lesion volume also increased the risk of adverse events. 5 years after surgery, the abstinent patients showed significant decreases on the Psychoticism (EPQ-P) and Neuroticism (EPQ-N) scores by EPQ-RSC, a significant decline on the Global Severity Index and the subscores in all 10 dimensions by SCL-90-R, significant decreases on the BDI and Y-BOCS scores, and significant improvements on the scores of all domains by WHOQOL-BREF, while for the relapsed patients, only the subscores of obsessive-compulsive by SCL-90-R and the Y-BOCS scores significantly decreased. Postoperative analysis revealed that the abstinent patients had a significantly better score than the relapsed ones by various instruments, and NAc lesion volumes and locations did not correlate with the outcome of any of these instruments. CONCLUSION: The bilateral ablation of NAc by stereotactic neurosurgery was a feasible method for alleviating psychological dependence on opiate drugs and preventing a relapse. Long-term follow-up suggested that surgery can improve the personality and psychopathological profile of opiate addicts with a trend towards normal levels, provided persistent abstinence can be maintained; relapse, on the other hand, may ruin this effect.

The association between the psychological status and the severity of facial deformity in orthognathic patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychological status and correlate it with the severity of facial deformities of patients with skeletal malocclusions before orthognathic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 96 patients aged 15 to 47 with skeletal malocclusions were examined before orthognathic treatment was provided. A photographic analysis was carried out to determine the severity of facial deformity according to the Facial Aesthetic Index (FA1). All patients were divided into three groups according to the FAI score: light (0 to 9), moderate (10 to 19), and severe (>19) facial deformities. Thirty subjects aged 17 to 39 with normal occlusion and attractive harmonious faces without previous orthodontic and/or surgical history were taken as controls. Psychological testing of controls and patients in the study group was performed before orthognathic treatment was provided. RESULTS: Psychological testing showed no statistically significant differences among groups with light and moderate facial deformity and subjects in the control group. Significant differences were encountered among patients with severe facial deformities compared with controls in a series of personality traits, including introversion, neuroticism, trait anxiety, dependency, unsociability, and leadership. CONCLUSIONS: Orthognathic patients with different degrees of facial deformity have different psychological profiles. Patients with light and moderate facial deformity have no significant psychological problems. Patients with severe facial deformity show a significantly higher prevalence of emotional instability, introversion, anxiety, and unsociability. Such psychological profiles make orthognathic patients with severe facial deformity prone to psychological distress, depression, and adverse psychological reactions.

[Diagnosis and treatment of urolithiasis with primary hyperparathyroidism].

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disease to cause calcium, phosphorus, bone metabolism abnormality by the over secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) . A rise of PTH brings hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and clinical symptoms include a recurrent urolithiasis, a letter of psychoneurosis, a gastrointestinal ulcer and bone resorption. It is the object disease of the clinical study that is important as one of the causes of urolithiasis in the urology department domain now because most of symptom type PHPT is renal stone types although it is a border domain with the internal secretion surgery, and the disease is often discovered at the urology department.

Personality changes in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly exhibit changes in personality that sometimes precede the other early clinical manifestations of the condition, such as cognitive impairment and mood changes. Although these personality changes reflect the impact of progressive brain damage, there are several possible patterns of personality change with dementia. Early identification of personality change might assist with the timely diagnosis of AD. The objective of this study was to review studies of personality change in AD. METHODS: Systematic searches of the PubMed, Ovid Medline, EBSCOhost, PsychINFO and CINAHL databases were undertaken from inception to November 2009. Published studies of informant-rated personality traits in AD patients were identified. Studies that mapped changes in traits from the five-factor model of personality which includes factors for Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, were selected for analysis. The change in each of these five traits was calculated as the mean difference in score before and after the diagnosis of AD. RESULTS: There was a mean increase in Neuroticism of 10-20 T scores (equivalent to 1-2 SD), a decrease of the same magnitude in Extraversion, consistently reduced Openness and Agreeableness, and a marked decrease in Conscientiousness of about 20-30 T scores (equivalent to 2-3 SD). These changes were systematic and consistent. Particularly striking was the similarity of both the magnitude and direction of change in all studies reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Conscientiousness and Neuroticism are the personality traits that exhibit the most change in dementia. These traits might be useful early markers of dementia.

Mysteries of nature.

This article examines a group photograph of the Psychiatry and Neurology section of the 66th Meeting of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Doctors in Vienna, 24-30 September 1894 which Sigmund Freud attended. The society's origins in Naturphilosophie are indicated and a number of the participants are identified on the photo. They and the events at the conference are related to Sigmund Freud's work at the time and to his gradual abandonment of anatomy and of heredity and degeneration as significant aetiological factors in the neuroses. Philosophical problems, such as how phenomena should be described and how 'nature' is conceptualized, are also considered in the light of their implications for Freud's life and thought at that period.

Moderation of the association between childhood maltreatment and neuroticism by the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 gene.

BACKGROUND: Neuroticism is a personality trait reflecting the tendency to experience negative affect. It is a major risk for psychopathology, especially depression and anxiety disorders. Childhood maltreatment is another major risk factor for psychopathology and may influence personality. Maltreatment may interact with genotype to predict developmental outcomes. Variation in three polymorphisms of the CRHR1 gene has been found to moderate the association of childhood maltreatment with depression, and we hypothesized that it would also be linked to neuroticism. METHODS: Variation in three CRHR1 SNPs (rs110402, rs242924, rs7209436) was assessed in 339 maltreated and 275 demographically similar nonmaltreated children, who participated in a day camp research program. Maltreated children were further categorized based on the number of types of maltreatment they had experienced and the most severe form of maltreatment experienced. Genotype and maltreatment status were used to predict the Big Five personality traits, as assessed by camp counselors following a week of interaction with children. RESULTS: CRHR1 genotype significantly moderated the association of maltreatment with neuroticism but none of the other traits. Having two copies of the TAT haplotype of CRHR1 was associated with higher levels of neuroticism among maltreated children relative to nonmaltreated children, with the exception of sexually abused children and children who had experienced 3 or 4 types of abuse. Effects sizes of these interactions ranged from η2=.01 (p=.02) to η2=.03 (p=.006). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in CRHR1 moderates the association of maltreatment with neuroticism. The effects of specific types of maltreatment on neuroticism are differentially moderated by CRHR1 genotype, as are the effects of experiencing more or fewer types of maltreatment.

Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by posttraumatic distress in neurotic disorder and negative symptoms in schizophrenia?

Dissociation, though understood as a response to trauma, lacks a proven etiology. The assumption of a dose-response relationship between trauma, dissociation and Schneiderian symptoms led to the proposal of a dissociative subtype of schizophrenia characterized by severe child maltreatment, dissociation and psychosis. Child maltreatment and dissociation are common features of neurotic disorders as well, and the link between trauma, dissociation, and hallucinations is not specific for schizophrenia. This study compares childhood abuse and neglect, posttraumatic distress and adult dissociation in patients with psychotic vs. non-psychotic disorder. Thirty-five participants with non-psychotic disorder and twenty-five with schizophrenia were analyzed using the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale PDS (PDS), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTO) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP)-module on dissociation. Trauma and clinical syndromes were compared by means of T-testing and logistic regression between 1) the diagnoses and 2) groups with and without post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), marked dissociation and psychotic symptoms. While non-psychotic disorder was related to abuse, schizophrenia showed an association with neglect. Childhood trauma predicted posttraumatic symptomatology and negative symptoms. Childhood abuse and neglect may effectuate different outcomes in neurotic and psychotic disorder. The underlying mechanisms, including dissociation, dovetail with cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes involved in depression, posttraumatic distress and chronic schizophrenia symptoms rather than being directly linked to trauma.